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BARNYARDGRASS
(
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli
)
with
GROUP B/2 resistance: (INHIBITION OF ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE )
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase
MUTATION: TRYPTOPHAN 574 to LEUCINE
Barnyardgrass
(
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli
) is a monocot plant in the poaceae family. A single amino acid substitution from Tryptophan 574 to Leucine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below.
Barnyardgrass
Chemical Family
Example Herbicide
Resistance Level
Imidazolinones
Imazethapyr
Resistant > 10 fold
Pyrimidinyl benzoates
Bispyribac-Na
Resistant > 10 fold
Sulfonylureas
Chlorsulfuron
Resistant > 10 fold
Triazolopyrimidine - Type 1
Chloransulam-methyl
Resistant > 10 fold
Triazolinones
Flucarbazone-Na
Not Determined
REFERENCES
Panozzo, S. ; Scarabel, L. ; Tranel, P. J. ; Sattin, M.
.
2013
.
Target-site resistance to ALS inhibitors in the polyploid species
Echinochloa crus-galli
.
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology
105
:
93 - 101
.
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors are widely used herbicides in rice and their recurrent use has resulted in several resistant weed populations. Recent reports from Italian rice growers indicated that resistance to ALS inhibitors evolved in the polyploid species
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) Beauv. (barnyardgrass), which is the most noxious weed infesting Italian rice fields. Fourteen
E. crus-galli
populations were confirmed to be resistant to at least one ALS-inhibiting herbicide. Three patterns of herbicide resistance were identified: seven populations were highly cross-resistant to ALS inhibitors, two were resistant to a sulfonylurea but not to an imidazolinone and five were multiple resistant to ALS and the ACCase inhibitor profoxydim. The level of resistance to the latter herbicide was low. Molecular analyses yielded the first reported consensus sequence for
E. crus-galli
ALS gene, encompassing all known mutation sites conferring herbicide resistance. The nucleotide substitution of a G with a T, giving a Trp to Leu change at amino acid 574 was detected in plants of five resistant populations analyzed, confirming an ALS target-site-mediated resistance mechanism. The W574L is a common ALS mutation endowing cross-resistance to all ALS inhibitor chemical families, as confirmed by the high levels of resistance observed for ALS inhibitors at both whole-plant and enzyme activity levels. ALS-resistant, and especially ALS- and ACCase multiple resistant barnyardgrass are threatening the sustainability of Italian rice crops due to the lack of alternative post-emergence herbicides.
.
This case was entered by Patrick Tranel Email:
tranel@illinois.edu
PERMISSION MUST BE OBTAINED FIRST if you intend to base a significant portion of a scientific paper on data derived from this site.
Cite this site as:
Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Online. Internet.
Saturday, September 7, 2024
. Available
www.weedscience.org
Copyright © 1993-
2024
WeedScience.org All rights reserved. Fair use of this material is encouraged. Proper citation is requested.
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