<b>HRAC Group 4</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy O) </font> resistant Soliva sessilis from New Zealand

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 4 (LEGACY O) RESISTANT LAWN BURWEED
(Soliva sessilis)

Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)

New Zealand

INTRODUCTION		LAWN BURWEED
Lawn Burweed (Soliva sessilis) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family. In New Zealand this weed first evolved resistance to Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides in 1999 and infests Golf courses, and Turf. Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides are known as Auxin Mimics (Auxin Mimics ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to clopyralid, picloram, and triclopyr and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 10, 2013 )
Common Name	Lawn Burweed
Species	Soliva sessilis
Group	Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
Herbicides	clopyralid, picloram, and triclopyr
Location	New Zealand
Year	1999
Situation(s)	Golf courses, and Turf
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Kerry Harrington
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Kerry Harrington

Lawn Burweed is known as “Onehunga weed” in New Zealand.

Harrington, KC., Ward, AJ., & Wells, DM. (2001). Herbicide resistance in black nightshade and Onehunga weed. NEW ZEALAND PLANT PROTECTION, VOL 54. Vol. 54 (pp. 152 - 156). : 54th Annual Conference of the New-Zealand-Plant-Protection-Society Available at: http://nzpps.org/nzpp_abstract.php?paper=541520

PDF: http://nzpps.org/journal/54/nzpp_541520.pdf

For pictures and information about Soliva sessilis, including pictures of resistant vs susceptible plants, visit the following site:

http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/learning/colleges/college-of-sciences/clinics-and-services/weeds-database/onehunga-weed.cfm

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Lawn Burweed biotype with this Lawn Burweed biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 4 resistant Lawn Burweed have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 4 (Legacy O) resistant Lawn Burweed from New Zealand please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

KERRY HARRINGTON

Associate Professor in Weed Science Massey University School of Agriculture Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North, 4442, Manawatu New Zealand Email Kerry Harrington Web : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in New Zealand have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kerry Harrington for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Lawn Burweed Globally
(Soliva sessilis)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

New Zealand

1999

Golf courses, and Turf

clopyralid, picloram, and triclopyr

Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Harrington, K. C.. 2002. Recent herbicide resistance research in New Zealand. : 622 - 624.

The number of published herbicide resistance cases in New Zealand is still quite minimal compared with Australia. However, two new cases have been reported within the last year. The troublesome annual turf weed Soliva sessilis has developed biotypes in northern New Zealand resistant to picloram, clopyralid and triclopyr. This is the first case in New Zealand where resistance has developed to picolinic herbicides or within a turf situation. A glasshouse experiment has shown that commonly used turf herbicides such as clopyralid, picloram/triclopyr mixtures or picloram/2,4-D mixtures do not control this weed. However, bromofenoxim, bentazone and mecoprop/ioxynil/bromoxynil mixtures are still effective. Biotypes of Solanum nigrum resistant to triazine herbicides have also been located in New Zealand. The population studied from Manawatu was resistant to cyanazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine and prometryn. Triazine-resistant S. nigrum has been frequently reported from Europe, and this resistance is suspected of being widespread within New Zealand..

Harrington, K. C. ; Ward, A. J. ; Wells, D. M.. 2001. Herbicide resistance in black nightshade and Onehunga weed. : 152 - 156.

When black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) plants were poorly controlled by cyanazine in a Manawatu pea crop, seeds were collected from these plants and susceptibility of the resulting seedlings to various herbicides was compared in pot experiments with other black nightshade plants. The biotype was resistant to cyanazine, terbuthylazine, atrazine, prometryn and possibly also terbutryn. No damage occurred even when a 30-fold increase in the recommended application rate of terbuthylazine was applied. Pot trials were also conducted at Massey University to study the poor control of Onehunga weed (Soliva sessilis) by herbicides noticed in turf at Helensville. This trial showed the Helensville ecotype to be resistant to pyridine herbicides, resulting in no control by clopyralid, triclopyr, picloram/2,4-D and picloram/triclopyr mixtures. Strategies to control both resistant ecotypes are discussed..

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